內(nèi)容提要

本書立足于中國城鄉(xiāng)一體化不斷加快的時代背景，根據(jù)“兩型社會”建設(shè)的總體目標(biāo)，把轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式納入到“兩型社會”建設(shè)和推進(jìn)工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的大格局中，在深入把握國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的前沿變化和時代要求的基礎(chǔ)上，突出中國特色和“兩型”主線，沿著“多重目標(biāo)→實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑→制度創(chuàng)新”的分析路徑，著力于資源環(huán)境約束下轉(zhuǎn)變中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式的多重目標(biāo)、內(nèi)生動力、實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑、支撐體系等問題研究，以湖南長株潭“兩型社會”改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)和“農(nóng)村信息化示范省”的實(shí)踐為實(shí)證，以實(shí)現(xiàn)國家糧食安全、資源節(jié)約、農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境治理與保護(hù)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全、農(nóng)民增收與農(nóng)業(yè)增效、國民經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展為目標(biāo)，以農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的資源要素利用方式、生產(chǎn)體系、社會化服務(wù)、農(nóng)業(yè)制度的加快轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檠芯亢诵模剿?/SPAN>以農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新為動力加快資源要素利用方式轉(zhuǎn)變、以“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系轉(zhuǎn)變、以農(nóng)村信息化為突破的農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)體系轉(zhuǎn)變、以農(nóng)業(yè)制度創(chuàng)新為引擎的政府農(nóng)業(yè)職能轉(zhuǎn)變的中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變的有效途徑，構(gòu)建起以“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)為戰(zhàn)略取向、以科技創(chuàng)新為第一推動力、以農(nóng)村信息化為突破口、以農(nóng)業(yè)制度創(chuàng)新為保障的“兩型社會”建設(shè)中轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式的理論框架，尋求 “兩型社會”建設(shè)導(dǎo)向下適合中國的特殊國情而又不同于歷史上西方工業(yè)化農(nóng)業(yè)的新型農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化道路，從而超越西方工業(yè)化農(nóng)業(yè)的歷史發(fā)展規(guī)范，直接進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新階段——“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展階段。

目  錄

 

陳錫文 序一

蔡昉    序二

第一章  緒  論... 8

第一節(jié)  問題的提出... 8

第二節(jié)  基本問題與主要內(nèi)容... 14

第二章  農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式：國內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論探索... 18

第一節(jié)  新古典生產(chǎn)函數(shù)與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式：傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的理論基礎(chǔ)及其后果    19

第二節(jié)  農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變：基于古典與新古典經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的考察... 23

第三節(jié)  農(nóng)地制度與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變：基于新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角... 29

第四節(jié)  “兩型社會”與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變：基于發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的考察... 35

第五節(jié)  現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展新階段：國內(nèi)“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐與世界農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展前沿... 44

第六節(jié) “兩型社會”建設(shè)中轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式：當(dāng)前局限與未來取向... 50

第三章  資源環(huán)境約束下多重目標(biāo)的中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型... 52

第一節(jié)  資源環(huán)境約束下中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀... 52

第二節(jié)  “兩型社會”建設(shè)與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型... 60

第三節(jié)  中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的戰(zhàn)略方向：“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)... 65

第四節(jié)  “兩型社會”建設(shè)中農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的多重目標(biāo)... 77

第四章  以農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新為核心的資源要素利用方式轉(zhuǎn)變... 86

第一節(jié)  科技創(chuàng)新與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變... 86

第二節(jié)  勞動節(jié)約型技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、人力資源開發(fā)與提高勞動生產(chǎn)率... 92

第三節(jié)  資源節(jié)約型技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與提高資源利用率、土地產(chǎn)出率... 108

第四節(jié)  農(nóng)村環(huán)境保護(hù)型技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與生產(chǎn)要素節(jié)約、農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展... 113

第五章  以“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)體系轉(zhuǎn)變... 124

第一節(jié)  構(gòu)建以“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)為導(dǎo)向的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系... 124

第二節(jié)  構(gòu)建以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量保障為核心的農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)體系... 129

第三節(jié)  構(gòu)建以生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)為核心的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染防治體系... 140

第四節(jié)  構(gòu)建以農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)為核心的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系... 153

第五節(jié)  構(gòu)建以種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)為核心的生物物種資源保護(hù)體系... 165

第六節(jié) “兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)綜合評價體系的建構(gòu)及湖南評析... 174

第七節(jié)  全國“兩型社會”實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展長株潭實(shí)證研究... 194

第八節(jié)  農(nóng)業(yè)大省農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全的湖南實(shí)證研究... 206

第六章 以農(nóng)村信息化為突破的農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)體系轉(zhuǎn)變... 217

第一節(jié)  農(nóng)村信息化是向農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)體系轉(zhuǎn)變的必然選擇... 217

第二節(jié)  “兩型社會”建設(shè)中農(nóng)村信息化服務(wù)模式選擇... 222

第三節(jié)  農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用的信息化科技服務(wù)體系... 230

第四節(jié)  農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)“兩型”轉(zhuǎn)型的信息化生產(chǎn)服務(wù)體系... 238

第五節(jié)  農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通高效化的信息化流通服務(wù)體系... 245

第六節(jié)  全國農(nóng)村信息化示范省的湖南實(shí)證研究... 253

第七章  農(nóng)業(yè)“兩型”轉(zhuǎn)型的制度創(chuàng)新... 266

第一節(jié)  政府管理職能轉(zhuǎn)變與農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)型... 266

第二節(jié)  以新型農(nóng)民培育為方向的農(nóng)村人才開發(fā)制度創(chuàng)新... 272

第三節(jié)  耕地資源有效利用與保護(hù)的土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度創(chuàng)新... 277

第四節(jié)  構(gòu)建面向世界農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展前沿的國家科技創(chuàng)新體系... 287

第五節(jié)  構(gòu)建資源節(jié)約、環(huán)境保護(hù)的農(nóng)業(yè)財(cái)政支持體系... 292

第六節(jié)  創(chuàng)新和完善農(nóng)村金融機(jī)制與服務(wù)體系... 296

第七節(jié)  建立“兩型”農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理和保護(hù)制度體系... 301

第八節(jié)  建立政府農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管和加工度引導(dǎo)的考評制度... 308

第九節(jié)  加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)“兩型”轉(zhuǎn)型的農(nóng)村社會管理創(chuàng)新... 312

主要參考文獻(xiàn)... 318

 

作者簡介：

陳文勝，湖南省社會科學(xué)院研究員，武漢大學(xué)博士，華東理工大學(xué)兼職教授，湖南省農(nóng)村發(fā)展研究院院長，湖南省新農(nóng)村建設(shè)研究基地首席專家，湖南省城鄉(xiāng)一體化研究基地首席專家，湖南省扶貧領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組專家咨詢委員，中國鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)辦人，《中國鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)現(xiàn)》執(zhí)行主編，香港中文大學(xué)作訪問學(xué)者，入選湖南省“五個一批”人才。著有《鄉(xiāng)村債務(wù)的危機(jī)管理》、《鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)視角下的三農(nóng)》、《新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的熱點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)著力點(diǎn)》、《糧食安全國家責(zé)任與地方目標(biāo)的博奕》、《湖南省城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展研究報(bào)告》、《湖南省縣域發(fā)展研究報(bào)告》等，主編《新型農(nóng)民能力培養(yǎng)》、《中國鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)現(xiàn)》、《農(nóng)民十萬個怎么做》等。在《政治學(xué)研究》、《中國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)》、《中國農(nóng)村觀察》、《人民日報(bào)》、《光明日報(bào)》等報(bào)刊發(fā)表論文80余篇，10多篇論文被《中國社會科學(xué)文摘》、人大復(fù)印資料全文轉(zhuǎn)載。

Summary

In an era of China’s rising urban-rural integration, the book include chang­i­ng the development mode of agriculture in strategic pattern of "two-oriented socie­t­y" construction and promoting the harmonious development among industrializa­ti­o­n, urbanization and agricultural modernization according to the general goal of "two-oriented society" construction. The book deeply master the cutting-edge c­h­ange and times requirement about the development of modern agriculture home and abroad, highlight Chinese characteristic and two-oriented thread, follow th­e a­nalysis approach of “Many targets→approaches→system innovation”, put forth effort on researching questions, for example, Many targets, internal impetus, ap­p­roaches and support system of changing the development mode of agriculture wi­t­hin the constraints of resources and environment, and prove it by the practice of the construction of Chang-Zhu-Tan "two-oriented society"  reform zone and demo­n­s­tration provinces of rural informationization with an example from Hunan.  The book target achieving national food security, conserving resources, harnessin­g an­d protecting rural ecological environment, achieving agricultural product qualit­y sa­f­ety, increasing the peasant's income and agricultural benefits, and promoting s­u­stainable development of the national economy, regard accelerating the transfor­m­a­tion of the utilization mode of agricultural resource factors, systems of producti­o­n,  socialization service and agricultural systems as the core of studying, and  exp­l­ore effective approach to change the development mode of Chinese agriculture by achieving the transformation of the utilization mode of resource factors wi­t­h r­e­garding innovation in agricultural science and technology as a motivating force, a­c­hieving the transformation of agricultural systems of production toward two- ori­e­nted agriculture, achieving the transformation of agricultural socialization ser­v­ice with regarding rural informatization as a breakthrough, and achieving the tr­a­nsf­o­rmation of government function in agriculture with regarding agricultural s­y­ste­m innovation as an engine. The book compose a theory frame for the transfor­mat­i­on of the development mode of Chinese agriculture in construction of two-ori­e­nte­d society with regarding  two-oriented agriculture as a strategic direction, reg­a­rdi­n­g  two-oriented agriculture as a strategic direction, regarding scientific innov­a­tion as the first impetus, regarding rural informatization as a breakthrough, and r­egar­d­ing agricultural system innovation as a safeguard,  and explore a new type of agricultural modernization which is suit for the specific situation in china and diff­erent from the west's industrial style of farming. The new type of agricultura­l mo­dernization under the guidance of "two-oriented society" construction will s­u­rpas­s the norm of historical development of the west's industrial style of farming, and enter into the new stage of the Modem agricultural development, namely, the sta­g­e of two-oriented agriculture.

CONTENTS

 

Chapter I  Contents  /8

1. The Problem of Research  /8

2. The Basic Problems and the Main Content Points  /14

Chapter ⅡAgricultural Development Mode: Relevant Theoretical Research at Home and Abroad  /18

1. The Neoclassical Production Functions and Agricultural Development Pattern: Theoretical Basis and Its Consequences of the Development of Traditional Agriculture  /19

2. The Transformation of Agricultural Development Pattern: Investigation Based on the Classic Occidental Economics and the Neoclassicism Economics  /23

3. The Farmland System and the Transformation of Agricultural Development Pattern Based on the Perspective of New Institutional Economics  /29

4. "Two-oriented" Society and the Transformation of Agricultural Development pattern Based on the Review of Development Economics  /35

5. The New Stage of the Development of Modern Agriculture: the Domestic Two-oriented Agricultural Practice and the Latest Development of World Agriculture  /44

6. The Transformation of Agricultural Development Pattern in the Construction of "Two-oriented society": the Current Limitation and Future Orientation  /50

Chapter Ⅲ  The Transformation of Chinese Agricultural Development of Multiple  Targets in Environmental Constrains  /52

1. The Development status of Chinese Agriculture in Environmental Constrains  /52

2. The Construction of "Two-oriented" Society and the Transformation of Agricultural Development  /60

3. The Strategic Direction of the Transformation of Chinese Agricultural Development: "Two-oriented" Agriculture  /65

4. Multiple Targets of the Transformation of Agricultural Development in Construction of "Two-oriented society"  /77

Chapter Ⅳ The Transformation of the Utilization Mode of Elements and Resources with the Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology at the Core  /86

1. Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology and the Transformation of Agricultural Development  /86

2. Innovation of Labor-saving Technology and Human Resources Development and Nurturing New Farmers  /92

3. Innovation of Resources-saving Technology and Increasing Resource Utilization Ratio and Land Productivity  /108

4. Innovation of Technology from Environmental Protection Perspective in Agriculture and Saving Production Factors and Realizing the Agricultural Sustainable Development  /113

Chapter Ⅴ The Transformation of "Two-oriented agriculture" -oriented Agricultural Production System  /124

1. Construct "Two-oriented agriculture"-oriented Agricultural Production System  /124

2. Construct the Agriculture Standardization Production System with Guaranteeing Agricultural Products’ Quality at the Core  /129

3. Construct the System of Agricultural Non-point Sources Pollution Prevention and Control with Preserving the Ecological Environment at the Core  /140

4. Construct the System of Disaster Prevention and Reduction with Constructing of Irrigation and Water Conservancy at the Core  /153

5. Construct the System of Biological Species Resources Protection with Protecting of Biological Germplasm Resources at the Core  /165

6. Construct the System of "Two-oriented agriculture" Comprehensive Evaluation and the Analysis of Hunan Province   /174

7. The Empirical Study of "Two-oriented agriculture" Development in Chinese " Two-oriented society " Experimentation Area with an Example from Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration  /194

8. The Empirical Study of Big Agricultural Province’ Agricultural Output Quality and Safety with an Example from Hunan Province  /206

Chapter Ⅵ The Transformation of Commercialized Rural Service System With Taking Agricultural Informationization as a Breakthrough  /217

1. Agricultural Informationization is the Inevitable Choice of the Transition to Commercialized Rural Service System  /217

2. The Choice of Agricultural Informationization Service Mode in Construction of "Two-oriented society"  /222

3. The System of Informationization-oriented Technology Service on the Basis of the Transformation of Agricultural Scientific and Technical Result  /230

4. The System of Informationization-oriented Production on the Basis of the "Two-oriented " Transformation of Agricultural Production  /238

5. The System of Informationization-oriented Circulation Service on the Basis of the Agricultural Products Circulation with High Efficiency  /245

6. An Empirical Study of Demonstration Provinces of Chinese Rural Informationization with an Example from Hunan Province  /253

Chapter Ⅶ The Institutional Innovation of the "Two-oriented" Transformation of Agriculture  /266

1. The Transformation of the Functions of Government and the Transformation of Agricultural Development Pattern  /266

2. The Institutional Innovation of the Development of Rural Human Resources Aimed at Cultivating the New Peasant  /272

3. The Institutional Innovation of Land Circulation and the Efficient Use and Protection of Cultivated Land Resources  /277

4. Construct the System of the National Science and Technology Innovation Facing the Frontier of the Development of the World  /287

5. Construct the System of the Financial Support to Agricultural Production Saving Resource and Protecting Environment  /292

6. Innovate and Perfect Rural Finance Mechanism and Rural Finance Service System  /296

7. Construct the Institutional System of "Two-oriented agriculture"–oriented Ecological Environmental Management and Protection  /301

8.  Construct the Evaluation System of the Government Supervising Agricultural Product Quality and Guiding Farm Produce Processing  /308

9. Accelerate the Innovation of Agricultural Social Management on the Basis of the "Two-oriented " Transformation of Agriculture  /312

Reference  /318